Models of successful principal leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Models of successful principal leadership - Essay Example According to the author, â€Å"many successful leaders in schools serving highly diverse student populations enact practices to promote school quality, equity and social justice through: building powerful forms of teaching and learning; creating strong communities in school; nurturing the development of educational cultures in families; expanding the amount of students’ social capital valued by the schools† (Gurra p 372). Therefore this study opens a new horizon for potential researches. For example, it is possible to investigate leadership development among principals. At this stage occurs an idea of possible training programs’ involvement in the process of education and work of current and future principals. Furthermore it is necessary to fill in a research gap of leadership development among teachers. If to widen views on leadership development among teachers it will be possible to foster innovations and to make educational process more diversified and multi-sided. The author states: â€Å"In addition to engaging in a core set of leadership practices, successful leaders must act in ways that acknowledge the accountability-oriented policy context in which almost all work, including the market, decentralization and professional and management accountability† (Gurra p 372). The question: â€Å"how a principal can rich successful school leadership?† is very interesting to discuss. This research considers not leadership as the main object of investigation, but educational program itself. A real leader is considered as an individual who takes part in every aspect and does not miss anything. We understand that a leader should be sincere and open and his main goal should be to take part in school life and educational process. Moreover, we should consider underpinnings of principal leadership, which are oriented not on the leadership qualities of a separate

History Paper on the Portrayal of Women in Advertising Research

History on the Portrayal of Women in Advertising - Research Paper Example In this context, it can be stated that portrayal of women in advertising is nothing new. The gender-based advertisement has shown a growing trend and has become more diverse over the years. It is a known fact that repetitive themes shown in advertisement influence the perception of people and society to a great extent. The mode of advertisement using media and print media such as magazines has shown profound transition over centuries. Notwithstanding, it is often argued that the role of women in advertising are much narrower than that of men. In this regard, many scholars have claimed that advertising characters of women are portrayed as subordinates to men and in a passive role. Sexual portrayal and sexuality has been used in advertisement since long. The gender stereotype was clearly visible earlier centuries and the role of women in advertising profoundly affected the perception of society towards women (Jacobson and Mazur 75-82). Historically, women in advertising had been represented as a sex object and had been subject to widespread exploitation. Besides, gender biases and racial biases were clearly apparently in the historical context with respect to women advertising. The image of women during the earlier centuries particularly in 19the century extremely suffered in the society due to objectification as well as sexism. It is evident that women are used in advertisement and their image is sometimes manipulated and distorted in order to promote women as a stereotype sex object. This is again due to the fact that women were given no power in the earlier days. The theme of using women as a sexual object initiated in the year 1850 when women were used and exposed to sell the product. For instance, the portrayal of nude women for the sale of tobacco in the 1850’s was normal due to the perception and mindset of people. Gender role was high in the initial years when advertisement through television or mag azines initiated. The

To what extent is New Media Technology to blame for increase in Assignment

To what extent is New Media Technology to blame for increase in anti-social behaviour within social groups - Assignment Example New media entails digitalization of content that can be produced at once at the set time, as contrasted to traditional printed media (Bers & Bers, 2011). Digital activities can be seen in DVDS, the internet and social media, computer games, amongst others. Basically, what is correlated to the internet, and interplay between technology images and sounds may be termed as new media (Bers & Bers, 2011). In the work of Clarke (2003) and Cardwell & Flanagan (2003) anti-social behavior refers to behaviors that lack thoughtfulness for the other persons and the society at large. At times, the behavior may either be premeditated or unintentional, but as Morrison, (2007) indicates, these behaviors create unsociable individuals. This is to mean that anti-social behaviors are contrary to the norms of the society. They may range from rape to drug addiction. While the new media has been instrumental in making the world a global village, the media has also had its dark side on the society. As seen in the research by Bull (2000) new media has brought a completely new auditory experience to the users. The work clearly explains the experience of a user with the iPod that can select music, which has been termed by Bull (2000) as an urban experience. Through personal stereos, Bull (2000) emphasizes that users can control their aural environments by blocking the ‘undesirable city sounds.’ He gives an example of a passenger travelling, and how musical experience rearranges their experience of time (Bull, 2000). It is evident from this iPod that the individual locks the ‘outside world’ contact to a creation of their own world, be it traffic or a neighbor starting a conversation. Cardwell & Flanagan’s (2003) work indicates that negative influences on the environment like noise may aggravate anti-social behavior. Applying the social learning theory (vicarious reinforcement and observational learning) an individual is likely to imitate what is heard especially if the

Nursing Education System Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nursing Education System - Assignment Example According to Chen (1996, pp. 129-149), the first collegiate nursing program was started by Peking Union Medical College (PUMC). This was a five-year program established in 1920. The first secondary level nursing school was established in 1930. The PUMC program remained the only tertiary program in Chinese education until 1952 when the communist government restructured the education system to accommodate the higher education system. However, the political upheavals delayed the implementation of the higher education program until 1980s (Xu et al., 2000, p. 208). Nursing education in Poland was established later than in China, i.e. 1911 (Sztembis, 2006, p. 102). However, the development rate of nursing education in Poland was faster compared to that of China. Polish nursing education ceased in 1914 with the rise of the First World War (Sztembis, 2006, p. 102). According to Wolska-Lipiec (1987, p. 42), most of the teachers and graduates of the school joined the military to train the soci ety on the modalities of caring for the wounded and participating in the civil sanitation. Secondary education in nursing was introduced in 1960s, while the university-based programs were introduced in 1980s (Sztembis, 2006, p. 104). Government and Nursing Organizations Influencing Nursing Education: Comparison of Poland and China. Nursing education in China was predominantly influenced by the missionaries (Xu et al, 2000, p. 207). The horizon for the Chinese health care has been expanded by programs such as the WHO collaborating center in Nursing and Midwifery, Heart to Heart and the Project Hope which have been sponsored by the government and other non-governmental organizations (Xu et al, 2000, p. 208). The prominent source of financial support is China’s Medical Board (CMB), which is an offshoot of Rockefeller Foundation (Xu et al., 2000, p. 212). CMB provides resources for faculty training, purchasing the reading materials and capacity building. In Poland, the programs a imed at preparing women for care of patients were funded by the collaboration of the American Red Cross and Rockefeller Foundation (Sztembis, 2006, p. 103). The Polish Nursing Association undertook the process of redesigning nursing through seeking support from the politicians and leaders. The 1990s witnessed the establishment of the Independent Nursing Section in the Ministry of Health which later culminated into the Department of Nursing. The self-governing body of Polish nurses, i.e. Nursing Chambers, acts as the formal representation of the nurses at the national level. Current System of Nursing Education: Comparison of Poland and China The Chinese system requires a candidate to go through the secondary nursing programs; Zhuake programs, which are equivalent to the associate degree programs in the U.S., and Baccalaureate programs for them to be registered nurses (Xu et al., 2000, p. 209). The secondary nursing program acts as a basic academic unit of a nursing school. The second ary nursing programs occur in two forms; the first, which enrolls high school graduates and a second that admits the middle and junior high school graduates. Post secondary nursing program in China has three levels: Baccalaureate, Zhuanke and Graduate (Xu et al., 2000,

Reproposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Reproposal - Essay Example On March 17-2011, about 1000 Saudi troops were deployed to Bahrain from Peninsula Shield Force for aiding the Bahraini authorities to get control of the local situation. This act was criticized and condemned by the Iranian authorities. The Iran’s criticism was highly opposed in the Saudi news papers by the Saudi officials. This news had three perspectives engraved in it. One perspective is that of the Saudi government and Bahraini regime, the second perspective is that of the protestors in Bahrain and third perspective is of the Iranian officials. This paper will seek to investigate that whether the print media in Saudi Arabia was biased or not in covering this story or were the Saudi newspapers manipulated by the Saudi authorities for their own interest. It will be important to determine how well the three perspectives were covered by the Saudi newspapers to convey the truth to the people. Justification News provides us with information on every aspect of life, and can relate to individuals or entire nations of people. Thus, the legitimacy of news as well as the freedom of press and speech have always been the controversial and debatable issues, particularly in a country like Saudi Arabia, which is an important and influential Islamic state governed by a Monarchy regime. News coverage in an Islamic state goes through various filters, especially if related to terrorism, extremism or other controversial topics. This compels the states to take extra measures in relation to how they want to portray their image in the media, both locally and internationally. Thus, the media in Saudi Arabia does not enjoy the freedom of press, like any other country in the Middle East, mainly due to the government pressure. The news presented to the audience in these countries goes through a substantial amount of processing, screening and editing before being delivered. Eventually, the common people sometimes only acquire a limited amount of information based on the actual re ality. Despite the obstacles, journalists and reporters in Saudi Arabia strive to provide the unbiased truth to their audience. Their job is tough due to various factors and issues, notably the strict regulations and the scrutiny of print media that influences the publishing and shaping of news in Saudi Arabia. In response to these regulations, most newspapers in Saudi Arabia have looked to acquire transparency and credibility with the help of international groups including CASTOR (Circulation Audit Steering Organisation). This is a joint venture of the GCC Advertisers’ Business Group, the IAA (International Advertising Association) and the Media Agencies’ Council, formed in the UAE in 2005 with the goal of promoting the adoption of circulation auditing so to increase transparency and credibility in the print media industry. Given all this information, it is clear that the dissertation topic offers a great deal of research and investigation of the news content on the B ahrain case as published in Saudi news papers. Literature Review Saudi Intervention The military intervention by Saudi Arabia could crush the peaceful transition in Bahrain while regionalizing a domestic political struggle. It could also aggravate the sectarian conflict in Bahrain and also across the Gulf region. Saudi Arabia,

Anti-Discrimination Law in the UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Anti-Discrimination Law in the UK - Essay Example What has the provisions of this Act imply to organizations? In the performance of its functions, a firm must pay special cognizance to three aspects covered by or under the Act (Rivers, 2012): 1. Avoid and eliminate any conduct that has the effect of constituting harassment, victimization, discrimination or any other prohibited conduct 2. Culture equality for every persons who share the ‘protected characteristics’ and those who do not with regard to opportunities 3. Encourage proper relations amongst individuals with the relevant protected characteristics and also those who do not Section 71 of the Act regards discrimination against sex in relation to pay. Section 77 refers to discrimination through the discussions over terms of pay. Section 78 provides regulations on gender pay gap (www.legislation.gov.uk, 2010).These sections have gone some way to strengthening the statutory enforcement of equal pay between men and women within public entities. However, government†™s failure to enact one of these three critical provisions may ultimately hamper the effectiveness of the Act. In analysing the aforementioned sectional provisions and assessing their potential impact in combatting discrimination with regard to employment, it is imperative to understand first what variables are prevalent in laws on societal equality (Rivers, 2012).The mystery that is equality rests within the (misconception in) Western political tradition that views equality as a fundamental and universal moral characteristic of human beings; of equal dignity and worth (Dworkin, 2002). It stretches beyond the Aristotelian definition of a purely formal existence, which postulates that likes be treated similarly, and differences proportionately. Most importantly is the acknowledgement of the uniqueness of human beings. Therefore, equality would intimate that people be valued both in their uniqueness and similarities. Firstly, we address the object variable which answers the question , ‘what exactly is subject to the equality principle?’ This is easily answerable at a highly abstract level. All humans being equal in rights and dignity deserve equal respect and concern. However, in practice this presents a fairly complex ideal covering not only civil and political rights but a myriad of welfare, opportunity and resources. John Rawls identified within his justice theory two principles of equality in which the justification of differences was only valid should they benefit the least well-off and related to positions held under fair opportunities. These were equality of liberty and that of fundamental (basic) social goods. Secondly, the characteristic variable, which defines who the recipient(s) of the principle are and why they merit such special treatment. Article 14 of the European Convention of Human rights states that all rights should be enjoyed by all regardless of distinction. Initially and subsequent to this proclamation, there was much resista nce towards identifying specific benchmarks that merit special attention. Presently, practical concerns aimed at addressing ingrained bias and social exclusion have developed into a rallying cry for equality as a human right-born out of Civil Rights movements (Rivers, 2012).

Summarize DREAM Act or Arizonas SB 1070 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summarize DREAM Act or Arizonas SB 1070 - Essay Example This particular discussion intends to provide a comparative standpoint about the DREAM Act developed by the government of the US. Furthermore, the essay will also summarize the Act and discuss the same in alignment with numerous elements or dimensions. In general, the Dream Act provides permanent residency and other amenities to the illegal immigrants of the US. These particular benefits are provided to the people against certain grounds that must be mandatorily fulfilled. Notably, there exists a huge figure of people who resides in the nation for acquiring proper education for them or serving in the defense sector. However, despite of their contribution, they always hold the fear that they will be deported any time from the nation. In this regard, the DREAM Act ensure that these people gets amnesty for residing in the US, owing to which they will be liable to get education loans, tuition fees sponsored by the government and reduction of school fees (Immigration Policy Centre, â€Å"The Dream Act†). As per a particular case, a young boy named Reyna Wences from Mexico, has been dealing with the problems of getting proper identity for himself in the US, despite of spending much of his childhood and adulthood days in the country. Though moving to the US was a decision of his parents, he never complained about the same. However, he was aware of the fact that he will never be able to get fully involved within the American society owing to his immigration status. The DREAM Act proposed in the year 2009 certainly provided a ray of hope for him to get identity as a proper American citizen (Wences 504-506). The DREAM Act has been proposed with the aim of ensuring legal liability to undocumented immigrants. It acts as a reward of legal rights to the undocumented immigrants, as they are residing in the nation for a longer period without enjoying any of the basic amenities offered by the government.